Global Network of Women Peacebuilders - GNWP
COSTING & FINANCING IMPLEMENTATION OF UN SC RESOLUTION 1325
Study on “Costing and Financing 1325”
A study commissioned by Cordaid and GNWP
Consultant: Nicola Popovic
Timeframe: January-June 2010
Full Costing and Finanacing 1325 study
Findings and recommendations: Executive summary
Please note that the study is undergoing a revision. Please check back for an updated version.
Background
The need to allocate sufficient resources for implementation of UNSCR 1325 has been emphasized by women’s groups, UN entities and other women, peace and security advocates since the adoption of the resolution in 2000. The UN Secretary General’s 2007 report on women peace and security stressed that “[A]dequate and predictable funding is crucial for efficient and sustainable implementation of the resolution.” The UN SG’s succeeding reports also called on governments, civil society, the private sector and other stakeholders to “work to increase human and financial resources for mainstreaming a gender perspective in peace and security processes.” At the meeting “Increasing Momentum for UNSCR 1325 National Action Plans” organized by Realizing Rights and the Initiative for Inclusive Security, on April 24, 2009 in New York, it was recommended that funding including from Official Development Assistance and other sources should be an integral part of 1325 plans.
Recent discussions, such as the EU meeting on the implementation of UNSCR 1325 National Action Plans held in Brussels October 2, 2009, also stressed the need for statistics on women’s participation in peace negotiations as well as on post-conflict funding addressing women’s needs.
Rationale
The 10th anniversary of UNSCR 1325 presents a great opportunity to examine the issue of financing and resource allocation for the implementation of UNSCR 1325 and its supporting resolutions. It is an opportunity to lobby the donor community to allocate resources and enable United Nations Member States, particularly in the Global South, as well as civil society and multilateral agencies such as the United Nations and other stakeholders to fully implement UNSCR 1325. The 10th anniversary is also an occasion to call on Global South governments to allocate resources for 1325 implementation from their own national budgets. The inclusion of the cost of 1325 implementation in national budgets will guarantee integration in national development strategies and ownership of the resolution and its implementation mechanisms at the country level.
The allocation of financial resources should be one of the indicators and bench marks that various governments, the UN, civil society and other stakeholders should use to gauge implementation. This civil-society-led study will complement the UN Inter-Agency Task Force on Women, Peace and Security’s 2010 Agenda for Action where one of the three major challenge areas is the “Increased Resources for Women, Peace and Security.”
Objectives and deliverables
The following describes the research methodology, scope and issues relevant for the content of the proposed issue paper analyzing financial requirements, needs and modalities implementing women peace and security issues. The study will estimate the resources needed for the full implementation of UNSCR 1325, in order to develop quantitative and comparable indicators for analyzing the resources dedicated to women, peace and security issues. In relation to this study, globally applicable indicators will be drafted through the Global Network of Women Peacebuilders (GNWP) and validated through its member organizations.
UNSCRs 1325, 1820, 1888 and 1889 outline the thematic as well as the normative scope of this study in relation to other related provisions such as the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) as well as the Millennium Development Goals in relation to international development assistance provisions such as the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, the Accra Agenda for Action and the Monterrey Consensus.
The study will contain various case studies to demonstrate different funding and implementation strategies in different country contexts and levels. Suggested case studies are Colombia, the Philippines, Liberia, Sierra Leone and the Netherlands which shall demonstrate the different strategies to allocate resources for different implementation strategies on UNSCR 1325 and related provisions. These case studies also help to identify different types of resources needed for the full and comprehensive implementation of UNSCR 1325.
Furthermore, this study shall suggest –as concretely as possible- the sources and funding needed to implement UNSCR 1325 and other women, peace and security provisions in a sustainable, inclusive, participatory and comprehensive manner. Instead of providing specific numbers this study will only be able to provide estimates based on the analyzed case studies and publically available information on funding women, peace and security initiatives.
This study will also look into the various modalities of resource allocation for 1325 implementation such as external funding from Official Development Assistance or funding from international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and development organizations. It will also examine how certain implementation strategies such as twinning or cross-learning as in the case of Ireland and Liberia have impacted or could potentially impact funding for 1325 implementation.
1. Methodology of research:
Introduction
Calculating the Costs on Women, Peace and Security Implementation
Source box: How to calculate the cost for a 1325 action plan (with concrete example from different contexts after each activity)
Timeframe: January-June 2010
Full Costing and Finanacing 1325 study
Findings and recommendations: Executive summary
Please note that the study is undergoing a revision. Please check back for an updated version.
Background
The need to allocate sufficient resources for implementation of UNSCR 1325 has been emphasized by women’s groups, UN entities and other women, peace and security advocates since the adoption of the resolution in 2000. The UN Secretary General’s 2007 report on women peace and security stressed that “[A]dequate and predictable funding is crucial for efficient and sustainable implementation of the resolution.” The UN SG’s succeeding reports also called on governments, civil society, the private sector and other stakeholders to “work to increase human and financial resources for mainstreaming a gender perspective in peace and security processes.” At the meeting “Increasing Momentum for UNSCR 1325 National Action Plans” organized by Realizing Rights and the Initiative for Inclusive Security, on April 24, 2009 in New York, it was recommended that funding including from Official Development Assistance and other sources should be an integral part of 1325 plans.
Recent discussions, such as the EU meeting on the implementation of UNSCR 1325 National Action Plans held in Brussels October 2, 2009, also stressed the need for statistics on women’s participation in peace negotiations as well as on post-conflict funding addressing women’s needs.
Rationale
The 10th anniversary of UNSCR 1325 presents a great opportunity to examine the issue of financing and resource allocation for the implementation of UNSCR 1325 and its supporting resolutions. It is an opportunity to lobby the donor community to allocate resources and enable United Nations Member States, particularly in the Global South, as well as civil society and multilateral agencies such as the United Nations and other stakeholders to fully implement UNSCR 1325. The 10th anniversary is also an occasion to call on Global South governments to allocate resources for 1325 implementation from their own national budgets. The inclusion of the cost of 1325 implementation in national budgets will guarantee integration in national development strategies and ownership of the resolution and its implementation mechanisms at the country level.
The allocation of financial resources should be one of the indicators and bench marks that various governments, the UN, civil society and other stakeholders should use to gauge implementation. This civil-society-led study will complement the UN Inter-Agency Task Force on Women, Peace and Security’s 2010 Agenda for Action where one of the three major challenge areas is the “Increased Resources for Women, Peace and Security.”
Objectives and deliverables
- To analyze the cost of implementing UNSCR 1325 in financial terms and develop an issue paper on this subject
- To organize a discussion on costing and financing as one of the indicators and benchmarks in 1325 monitoring
The following describes the research methodology, scope and issues relevant for the content of the proposed issue paper analyzing financial requirements, needs and modalities implementing women peace and security issues. The study will estimate the resources needed for the full implementation of UNSCR 1325, in order to develop quantitative and comparable indicators for analyzing the resources dedicated to women, peace and security issues. In relation to this study, globally applicable indicators will be drafted through the Global Network of Women Peacebuilders (GNWP) and validated through its member organizations.
UNSCRs 1325, 1820, 1888 and 1889 outline the thematic as well as the normative scope of this study in relation to other related provisions such as the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) as well as the Millennium Development Goals in relation to international development assistance provisions such as the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, the Accra Agenda for Action and the Monterrey Consensus.
The study will contain various case studies to demonstrate different funding and implementation strategies in different country contexts and levels. Suggested case studies are Colombia, the Philippines, Liberia, Sierra Leone and the Netherlands which shall demonstrate the different strategies to allocate resources for different implementation strategies on UNSCR 1325 and related provisions. These case studies also help to identify different types of resources needed for the full and comprehensive implementation of UNSCR 1325.
Furthermore, this study shall suggest –as concretely as possible- the sources and funding needed to implement UNSCR 1325 and other women, peace and security provisions in a sustainable, inclusive, participatory and comprehensive manner. Instead of providing specific numbers this study will only be able to provide estimates based on the analyzed case studies and publically available information on funding women, peace and security initiatives.
This study will also look into the various modalities of resource allocation for 1325 implementation such as external funding from Official Development Assistance or funding from international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and development organizations. It will also examine how certain implementation strategies such as twinning or cross-learning as in the case of Ireland and Liberia have impacted or could potentially impact funding for 1325 implementation.
1. Methodology of research:
- Desk and literature review
- Analysis of existing normative framework
- Revision of publically accessible national action plans and international reports
- Consultation with the Global Network Women Peace Builders (GNWP) on existing and needed sources for the implementation of women, peace and security issues at the local level.
- Interviews with individual stakeholders (such as governmental staff working on women, peace and security action planning as well as international organizations) regarding resource allocation for women, peace and security implementation strategies.
- Cost on implementation strategies –as well as their content and scope- highly depend on the specific country or institutional context the implementation takes place in. Numbers and implementation strategies will differ from context to context and generic assumptions will be difficult to conclude.
- Concrete numbers on security or development aid spending are considered sensitive information and are generally not accessible for the public or outsiders. Nonetheless, it will be tried to gain this data through interviews.
- The suggested time frame of the study is between December 2009 and end of June 2010, is quite limited given its scope.
Introduction
- Outline dimensions and scope of 1325 and related women, peace and security provisions
- Overview of different implementation strategies
- National action plans and alternative implementation mechanisms (Colombia, the Philippines, Liberia, Sierra Leone and the Netherlands).
- Global versus national implementation strategies
- Mainstreaming versus targeted interventions (“adding ‘women’ is not enough”)
- Resolutions 1325, 1829, 1888, and 1889
- CEDAW
- Millennium Development Goal 3: Gender Equality
- Interlinking these obligations with ‘Official Development Assistance’ provisions: such as the Paris Declaration, Accra Agreement and Monterrey Consensus
- Unleashing different funding sources and actors (donor country versus recipient country)
- National gender budgeting
- Gendered security budget
- Ministerial contributions and collaborations (mainstreaming and action planning)
- International development aid and funding
- Security dimension in gender and development budget (ODA)
- International Missions and organizations working in (post-) conflict contexts
- Tracking funds for local civil society projects
- Bi-lateral collaboration on women, peace and security issues (“Twinning”)
Calculating the Costs on Women, Peace and Security Implementation
Source box: How to calculate the cost for a 1325 action plan (with concrete example from different contexts after each activity)
- Awareness raising campaigns
- Data collection and management (dissemination)
- Capacity building
- Collaboration and coordination
- Additional sources (technology, human resources, infra-structure and facilities)
- Monitoring and evaluation (internal/ external)
- The cost and funding of an action planning process
- External funding
- Global Colloquium as a fundraising strategy
- Internal political will and accountability
- Twinning and how it has impacted or can potentially impact financing for implementation (This is where we will dedicate a section on the twinning between Kenya and Finland.)
- Need for increased funding and strategic spending
- Collaboration and coordination mechanisms
- Inside the government
- Between donors (twinning)
- With Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and international actors
- Internationally
- Including new actors (private sector)
· Need for monitoring and impact evaluation of these funds
Costing and Financing on Gender, Equality and Peace:
Missing Link in the Women and Peace and Security Agenda
Missing Link in the Women and Peace and Security Agenda
Ten years after the adoption of the groundbreaking UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security, the needed funding for its full implementation is still uncertain. Government officials, UN representatives, civil society organizations and private sector representatives discussed the current trends and challenges in investing in women, peace and security issues in a recent meeting held at the UN headquarters in New York, on October 27th.
The lack of funding was the focus of the presentation of the study "Costing and Financing 1325: Examining the Resources Needed to Implement Women, Peace and Security Resolutions at the National Level," jointly commissioned by the Dutch non-governmental organization Cordaid and the Global Network of Women Peace builders (GNWP), during the commemoration of the 10th Anniversary of Resolution 1325 in New York at the end of October.
The study analyses the resources available and needed to implement the resolution, and also examines the complicated funding landscape for women and peace and security programs.It presents recommendations on how to make resource allocation efficient and effective.
Reflecting on the relevance of the study to their situations, NGO representatives from war-affected countries like Sierra Leone, Sudan and the Philippines attended the presentation, which was co-sponsored by the Permanent Mission of the Netherlands to the United Nations and the UN International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women - UN INSTRAW (now part of UN Women).
As UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has recently stated, the corporate sector can play an important role in eliminating violence against women. Sara Lulo, executive director of the Avon Global Center for Women and Justice at Cornell Law School explained that, "Avon goes well beyond its business mission of providing economic opportunity to women in over 100 countries by giving them the ability to start their own businesses. Through philanthropic initiatives, Avon also has raised and donated more than $30 million for global programs working to end violence against women." Ms. Lulo emphasized that, "it is important for stakeholders to understand not only the links between economic empowerment and violence against women, but also how violence against women plays out in post-conflict environments specifically - which has been a focus of several initiatives of the Avon Global Center at Cornell Law School."
All of the participants emphasized the need for improved coordination among different actors involved in implementing resolution 1325. "This study is the missing link in the chain of knowledge needed to build and improve upon the different methods of costing - and bring it into the context of 1325," Yassine Fall, INSTRAW Executive Director stated. She noted with approval that the study looks at capacity as a multi-facetted process, in which women advocates play a crucial role even if they are not all technical experts. She also stressed the need for women's advocates to participate in donor meetings and articulate what they need to make their crucial contributions to implementation.
Nicola Popovic presented the research findings and the following key recommendations:
- Transparency in funding processes, local ownership and mutually beneficial relationships between donor and recipient organizations are essential.
- Better collaboration among different actors and improved coordination of activities are paramount.
- Partnership with the private sector must be explored. Private sector can be an important partner in advancing the women and peace and security agenda. A comprehensive corporate social responsibility framework on women and peace and security is needed.
- Increase financial efficiency through more open and direct dialogue between donors and recipients.
- Review military and other government budgets and identify windows upon which 1325 implementation could be funded. Gender budgeting across government ministries must also be explored.
- Recognize and enhance civil society's capacity to generate and manage financial resources dedicated to 1325 implementation.
- Conduct a comprehensive and accurate assessment of needs and resources required to fully implement 1325; and plan and mobilize resources accordingly.
- Allocate adequate resources for independent monitoring and evaluation of 1325 implementation and other women, peace and security initiatives.
Dr. Nana Pratt, representative of National Organization of Women and the Mano River Women's Peace Network in Sierra Leone, emphasized that, "in situations of post conflict, there are many competing priorities. Special attention has to be paid not only to financing the development of a national action plan but also to funding for its implementation." "We need to tap both internal and external sources and look at innovative sources including private enterprises," she elaborated. Jasmin Nario-Galace, Associate Director of the Centre for Peace Education in the Philippines, informed the audience that one of the sources of funding for the implementation of the 1325 national action plan is the Gender and Development (GAD) budget. The GAD budget is the Philippine government's policy that requires all government agencies at all levels to allocate 5 % of their total budget to gender mainstreaming.
Maresa Oosterman, First Secretary for Economic and Social Affairs Section of the Permanent Mission of the Netherlands noted that, "the study presents a distinctly new approach to the theme of implementation through the emphasis on costing, monitoring and evaluation - all powerful tools towards successful implementation. Making 1325 part of national budget discussions puts it at the heart of the policy agenda. Links become more clear. For example how economic security and empowerment are essential to make women less vulnerable. The private sector's interest in stability and the possibility of having them as partner in implementing 1325 is also a critical component of these discussions."
CORDAID and GNWP, expressed their commitment to pursue the discussions on the issue of costing and financing Women and Peace and Security initiatives. The two organizations are now exploring a pilot project that will implement the recommendations of the study.
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